Most red algae are also multicellular, macroscopic, marine, and reproduce sexually. In fact, the oldest fossil of a eukaryotic, multicellular organism is red algae. Depending on who you are listening to will determine whether they are protists or plants. Some have toxic terpenoids to prevent herbivory, and others coralline red algae incorporate calcium carbonate into their structure to provide a rigid defense. The red algae phylum rhodophyta synthesizes a class of watersoluble pigments termed phycobilins, known to be produced only by another algae, the cryptomonads. Halosaccion is presented in the russian pacific area by 3 species. Rhodophyta is an anciently derived lineage, constituting one of the primary plastidsbearing hosts, and provides plastids for the secondary or tertiary endosymbiosis 1.
The rhodophyta, the red algae, constitute a phylum of organisms that share the following combination of attributes. The high content of vitamins and proteins of red algaederived foods has made them attractive and popular in east asia for years. Red algae store sugars as floridean starch, which is a type of starch that consists of highly branched amylopectin without amylose, as food reserves outside their plastids. Hwan su yoon is currently a senior research scientist at the bigelow labora tory for ocean sciences. Macroalgae include members of four different phyla figs. No cell, including reproductive cells, is ever flagellated. Traditionally, the phylum rhodophyta has been di vided into two classes or subclasses, bangiophyceae. Although they grow in both marine and fresh water, 98% of the 6,500 species of red algae are marine. Of the four phyla, the rhodophyta is the most diverse on the reef, with 323 species. Like the brown algae, most of the more than 5,000 species of red algae are seaweeds fig. The red algae have reddish phycobilin pigments phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. There are approximately 6,000 species of rhodophyta.
The rhodophyta red algae are a distinct eukaryotic lineage characterized by the accessory photosynthetic pigments phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanins arranged in phycobilisomes, and the absence of flagella and centrioles woelkerling 1990. Rodophyta are rich in protein and vitamins, which makes them especially useful for food. The organisms in the phylum represent a very old group. Some of them are unicellular species that grow as filaments or membranelike sheet cells, and some multicellular coralline species deposit calcium carbonate inside and. New records of compsopogon aeruginosus rhodophyta in rivers. A group of largely multicellular, structurally complex photosynthetic organisms. Epizoic occurrence of compsopogon coeruleus rhodophyta on.
Most of the specimens were collected in the 19th century in southwestern germany freshwater algae, the north and the baltic sea mainly marine algae. For a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types, have a look at the. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the international code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and. Dixon and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. One of these is the new kingdom rhodophyta aka kingdom biliphyta, shown above as a yellow branch on the tree of life. Algae, rhodophyta, phaeophyta, chlorophyta, cyanophyta. Rhodophyta rodafata is made of two greek terms that mean rose rodon. The rhodophyta also comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing. Rhodophyta article about rhodophyta by the free dictionary. Cyanobacteria, rhodophyta, chlorophyta, and glaucophyta. They contain chlorophyll and can prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis. They are important sources of food, such as nori used in sushi and pudding made of irish moss. Their chloroplasts lack external endoplasmic reticulum. This phylum comprise two subphyla with seven classes.
The reference is to the red rosy color that dominates the pigments of many taxa. Red algae rhodophyta rhodophyta are cosmopolitan, found from the artic to the tropics. The dissection of protista has been underway for many years now and the kingdom has been divided into several morenatural kingdoms. They are photosynthetic organisms with chlorophyll that is masked by secondary pigments, giving them a red color. Pdf the red algae rhodophyta form a distinct photosynthetic eukaryotic lineage that consists of around 6000 species. Evidence of ancient genome reduction in red algae rhodophyta huan qiu. This page is a collection of images that are attached to a branch of the tree of life.
Phylum rhodophyta is a classification of a specific set of red algae. There is one important exsiccata in the algae collections named european characeen of w. The algae described in this chapter are a diverse and heterogeneous collection of photosynthetic protists that vary from simple, tiny unicellsmembers of the socalled picoplankton such as. This one of a kind original piece is a part of my coral reef collection, and has been inspired by the great barrier reef. Department of ecology, evolution and natural resources, rutgers university, new brunswick, new jersey, 08901 usa. Red algae phylum rhodophyta have various values in our daily life. Use this interactive quiz and worksheet to make sure you are aware of the most essential information about phylum rhodophyta.
In this article we will discuss about the classification of rhodophyta. They have eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The life cycle and genetic structure of the red alga furcellaria. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. We gathered genome and transcriptome data from a total of 14 red algal genera that represent the major branches. Originating in the mesoproterozoic, red algae are an ancient group of organisms. Rhodophyta commonly called as red algae majority of the red algae are marine. Physical characteristics rhodophytes contain chlorophyll accessory pigments such as phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and phycobilin those pigments cause rhodophytes to grow at a rapid depths by absorbing more sunlight to. Rhodophyta, phylum division of the kingdom protista consisting of the photosynthetic organisms commonly known as red algae full article red algae. Our alignment also traditionally, the phylum rhodophyta has been di included 10 green algae, two glaucophytes, and three cyano vided into two classes or. Some grow attached to rocks in intertidal zones, where they may be exposed.
Debashish bhattacharya of evolutionary history and taxonomy of red algae dr. They fall under the kingdom protista and phylum rhodophyta. They are commonly known as red algae due to the presence of a water soluble red. Red algae phylum rhodophyta are a very large group of species that predominantly include marine, multicellular algae. The existence today of few extant members of the group. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Rhodophyta is an anciently derived lineage, constituting one of the primary plastidsbearing hosts, and provides plastids for the secondary or. Evidence of ancient genome reduction in red algae rhodophyta. The presently accepted classification of the rhodophyta having the single class rhodophyceae is the system first devised by schmitz 1883 and refined through years of painstaking work by kylin 1932 and others to a form finally adopted and presented by kylin in his monograph of 1956. Red algae general characteristics and uses of red algae. Total absence of flagellated vegetative as well as reproductive bodies.
Algae classification and characteristics lecture exam 1. Nitrate reduction, photosynthesis, and respiration in the cyanelles of cyanophora. Defining the major lineages of red algae rhodophyta pdf. Like the chlorophyta, the chloroplast is encircled by a double membrane, but thylakoids occur singly and are not stacked. The red algae, or rhodophyta, are a diverse group of marine algae with fewer freshwater representatives. The remaining species are typically multinucleate and classified within the florideophyceae, a large class of 27 currently recognized orders. Porphyra general characteristics no flagella different from other groups except. Phylum rhodophyta with images marine organism, organs. Rhodophyta red algae florideophycidae 99% filamentous pseudoparenchymatous apical growth complex oogamy triphasic pit connections bangiophycidae 1% unicell, filament, blade diffuse growth simple life histories e. Red algae simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rhodophyta are also farmed and harvested for use in food and gels.
Phylum rhodophyta, class florideophyceae, order rhodymeniales, family rhodymeniaceae. Classification for kingdom plantae down to division rhodophyta. Of the phylum rhodophyta wettstein 1922 geraadpleegd. It is a large group of algae consisting of about 831 genera and over 5. Cyanophora paradoxa is a freshwater flagellate with two cyanelles c in the protoplasm, each cyanelle with a central dense body. What are the cell walls made of in phylum chlorophyta. Sheets of red algae are toasted and used to wrap sushi. About the classification report about the classification download. The genus gracilaria belongs to the phylum rhodophyta or red algae, class florideophyceae, order gracilariales, and family gracilariaceae. Origin and evolutionary history of freshwater rhodophyta.
Kingdom protista was obviously polyphyletic unnaturally putting unrelated groups together. Of the four phyla, the rhodophyta is the most diverse on the reef, with 323. Please be aware that the framed picture shown in the gallery is not true to size and is only meant to show how the picture could be displayed. Red algae are the oldest group of eukaryotic algae containing over 6000 species. The rhodophyta are a unique group of organisms, which, like the chlorophyta, are thought to be very ancient. Fyt from ancient greek rhodon, meaning rose, and phyton, meaning plant, are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
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